Stimulation by carrageenan of arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase activity in dog gingival tissue

At 4 h after injection of carrageenan into the gingiva, the 12-lipoxygenase activity of the gingival homogenate was markedly increased. Activity in the cytosol and microsomal fractions was markedly increased when assessed as the specific activity based on nmol/min/mg of protein, and in the cytosol fraction as the percentage distribution of total activity. The 12-lipoxygenase activity in the homogenate from carrageenan-treated gingiva was not affected by either EDTA or calcium ion, or a combination of the two. 12-lipoxygenase activity in both carrageenan-treated and untreated gingiva was inhibited dose-dependently by AA861, a striking difference from its effect on platelet 12-lipoxygenase. There was a marked increase of 12-lipoxygenase activity in experimentally inflamed gingiva compared to the non-inflamed gingiva.     

In vivo and in vitro study of the effects of chlorpromazine on tooth mineralization in rats and mice

The effects of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on tooth mineralization were examined using incisor dentine in adult rats and cultured tooth germs of mandibular first molars dissected from mouse embryos. CPZ (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg, s.c.) substantially inhibited dentine mineralization as evaluated by contact microradiographs. Plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations were not decreased by CPZ (10 and 50 mg/kg). Physicochemical effects were not involved in the action of CPZ on the mineralization. In vitro experiments showed that CPZ (1 and 10 μM) inhibited mineralization and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the tooth germs. As CPZ has the properties of a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin antagonists W-7 and W-5 were also examined. Both inhibited mineralization and ALP activity in tooth germs; W-5 had less effect than W-7. These in vivo and in vitro findings suggest that CPZ inhibited cell-mediated mineralization in dentine without affecting the calciumdashregulating system and physicochemical mineral deposition. In addition, calmodulin could be involved in cell-mediated mineralization.     

Effects of benzo(a)pyrene and nicotine on prostaglandin synthesis in buccal pouch and submandibular glands of the Syrian hamster

Adult male Syrian hamsters were treated by swabbing the apex of the buccal pouch with corn oil (control, C), 1 mM benzo(a)pyrene (BP), nicotine (NC), or BP + NC in corn oil, twice daily, 5 days a week. After a 4-week treatment, the pouches and submandibular glands were dissected and used for the determination of endogenous prostaglandin (PG) production and studies on in vitro PG synthesis. Of the three PGs analysed (PGE₂, PGF₂ and 6-keto-PGF₁), PGE₂ was predominant in the pouch and the glands. BP or NC alone had only a weak effect on PG synthesis in both tissues. However, the combination of BP and NC had a synergistic effect, causing diminished PG synthesis in both tissues. In buccal pouch, BP + NC significantly decreased the concentrations of endogenous PGE₂ and PGF₂ (PGE₂: 0.669 + 0.254 versus 1.698 + 0.460, PGF₂: 0.273 ± 0.090 versus 0.625 ± 0.272 ng/g tissue; BP + NC versus C; mean ± SD, n = 5, p < 0.05). Similarly significant results were also found for in vitro PG synthesis (PGE₂: 0.541 ± 0.249 versus 1.399 ± 0.340, PGF₂: 1.045 ± 0.428 versus 2.133 ± 0.510 ng/g tissue; BP + NC versus C; mean ± SD, n = 5, p < 0.05). In submandibular glands, BP + NC significantly diminished the concentration of endogenous PGE₂ (1.183 ± 0.175 versus 2.379 ± 0.488 ng/g tissue; BP + NC versus C; mean ± SD, n = 5, p < 0.05). The synthesis of 6-keto-PGF₁ in both tissues, and the synthesis of PGF₂ in submandibular gland, were slightly decreased with all treatments.     

Mineralized nodule formation by cultures of human dental pulp-derived fibroblasts

Pulp fibroblasts were isolated from human deciduous and supernumerary teeth and cultured in vitro. With continued culture in normal tissue-culture medium, six pulp fibroblast strains formed cell nodules after 10–15 days. By electron microscopy the nodules had matrix vesicles, and needle-shaped crystals associated with a dense network of collagen fibrils. The crystalline material exhibited a pattern consistent with hydroxyapatite when nodules were examined by X-ray diffractometry. Furthermore, the cells showed high levels of alkaline phosphatase activity, which could be increased more than seven-fold by the addition of 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (5 × 10⁻⁹−5 × 10⁻⁸M). In addition to the production of type I collagen, these cells also synthesized fibronectin and osteonectin. The formation of mineralized tissue nodules by pulp cells in vitro provides a useful system for study of the pathological calcification of pulp tissues.     

Life-threatening thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with dental foci. Report of two cases

OBJECTIVES: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare haematological disease of unknown aetiology. This thrombotic microangiopathy is characterized by microvascular lesions with platelet aggregation. It is found in adults and can be associated with pregnancy, cancer, autoimmune diseases, bone marrow transplantation, drugs and bacterial as well as viral infections. The therapy requires a multi-disciplinary team approach involving dentistry. Even if TTP is immediately treated in an adequate manner, it still shows a mortality of up to 20%. AIM: To define a specific treatment concept for periodontal disease and decayed teeth in patients suffering from TTP based on the experiences gained from two cases. CONCLUSION: The two patient cases revealed a possible association of TTP with dental foci. Because of the severity and mortality of this disease, both prognosis evaluation and treatment standards of periodontologically compromised or decayed teeth have to be strictly followed in patients suffering from TTP. In order to avoid recurrence of TTP, it seems important to remove radically teeth of questionable prognosis.     

In situ localization of tenascin mRNA in developing mouse teeth

Tenascin is a large extracellular-matrix glycoprotein found in developing connective tissue. A cDNA probe to mouse tenascin, mTN2, was used to determine the cellular origins of this molecule in the murine tooth germ by in situ hybridization. At embryonic day 19, a hybridization signal significantly greater than background was detected with mTN2 in the subodontoblastic layer of the dental mesenchyme and in the inner enamel epithelium of the enamel organ. At postnatal day 1, a signal was detected over pre-odontoblasts and the strata intermedium and externum. No tenascin mRNA was detected in odontoblasts or the stellate reticulum at either age, and hybridization in ameloblasts was not significantly greater than background at postnatal day 1. Thus, much of the tenascin found throughout developing teeth appears to be synthesized by pre-odontoblasts and the inner enamel epithelium, the two populations of cells destined to generate mineralized matrix.     

Immunohistochemical localization of very late activation integrins in healthy and diseased human gingiva

The β1-integrins (VLA family) are cellular adhesion molecules (CAM) that play a major role in cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The expression pattern of CAM was studied in 5 clinically normal volunteers with healthy gingiva and in 18 patients with clinically different stages of periodontitis. In healthy human gingiva α2. α3 and α6 integrin chains were found in a characteristic distribution, showing a broad continuous expression on the junctional and sulcular epithelium sites. The expression of these integrins was demonstrated primarily on the basal cell layers and in some cells of the stratum spinosum. Inflammatory stages of periodontitis revealed further upregulation of α2, α3 and α6 integrins into the junctional and sulcular epithelial cells, which correlated with the stage of the periodontitis and the extent of the cellular infiltration. α4 and α6 were found to be the predominant β1 integrin chains on inflammatory cells. The amount of δ4 and ş6 positive infiltrative cells increased with the number of inflammatory cells. VCAM-1. the corresponding cell-cell ligand of VLA-4 (α4) was present on the majority of subepithelial vessels in all stages of gingivitis and periodontitis. The α5 subunit was expressed on both endothelium and gingival connective tissue cells. Samples from advanced periodontitis cases showed a higher number of a5 positive mononuclear cells. In comparison to normal epidermis, a human gingival epithelial cells express higher levels of integrins. This expression is further upregulated in advanced stages of periodontitis, indicating changes of the β1 integrin organization.     

液体负平衡应用于感染性休克患者对APACHEII评分的影响

摘要:目的 探讨液体负平衡对感染性休克患者急性生理学与慢性健康状态（APACHEII）评分的影响分析。方法 选取2018年1月～2020年1月本院收治的92例感染性休克患者,按不同液体管理模式分为常规组（采用液体平衡）和研究组（采用液体负平衡管理模式）各46例。对比分析2组患者心肺功能及APACHEII评分以及不良反应。结果 管理前2组患者全心舒张末期容量指数（GED-CVI）和血管外肺水指数（EVLWI）比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）,管理后2组GED-CVI、EVLWI水平均增加（P＜0.05）,研究组上述水平高于常规组（P＜0.05）;研究组和常规组均完成了管理计划,2组管理前APACHEII评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,管理后均低于管理前（P＜0.05）,管理后研究组低于常规组（P＜0.05）;2组患者均未见明显不良反应发生。结论 液体负平衡应用于感染性休克患者,可改善心肺功能指标,降低患者APACHEII评分,可作为临床管理及防控的参考指标。     

通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法干预卒中后抑郁患者临床研究

摘要：目的 观察通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法干预卒中后抑郁的临床效应,并探讨其疗效可能的作用机制。方法 将60例卒中后抑郁患者随机分为观察组和西药组,每组30例,两组在予以脑血管疾病基础治疗的同时,采用不同方法干预,观察组采用通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法治疗,西药组予以盐酸帕罗西汀片口服,疗程均为4周,治疗前后进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、日常生活能力评定（Barthel指数）及副反应量表( TESS) 评估,观察两组临床疗效,测定患者血清 5-HT水平。结果 同组治疗后较治疗前比较,HAMD评分均显著降低(P<0.05),Barthel 指数均提高（P＜0.05）,组间比较,观察组优于西药组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后两组血清 5-HT水平均较治疗前升高 (P<0.05) ,两组5-HT升高幅度比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组总有效率为93. 3%,西药组为86.7%,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组不良反应发生率较西药组发生率低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法法干预卒中后抑郁,可以显著改善 PSD 患者的抑郁状态,其疗效机制可能与血清 5-HT水平上调有关,通督调神针刺法结合认知疗法是治疗卒中后抑郁行之有效、副反应低、操作重复性好的临床治疗手段。     

热毒宁注射液金银花提取过程轨迹研究

摘 要：目的：建立热毒宁注射液金银花提取过程轨迹,实现对提取过程的全程在线监控,为中药生产批次间质量控制提供参考。方法：收集多批次金银花提取过程的近红外光谱（NIRs）数据,并使用多元统计过程控制技术（MSPC）建立提取过程轨迹,实现对提取过程的全程监控。结果：建立的热毒宁注射液金银花提取过程的主成分得分,Hotelling T2和DModX轨迹图能够检测到过程的异常情况。结论：基于近红外光谱数据和MSPC技术建立的过程轨迹图可以反应中药生产的过程变化,可以用于对中药生产的全程监控。